See prawda on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawdziwy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "ku prawdzie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "uczenie a prawda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "wyznanie prawdy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "brać ku prawdzie"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "prawda"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Lasovia"
],
"sense": "Jewish biretta",
"word": "práwda"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "prŏwda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*pràvьda",
"id": "truth",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pràvьda.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "prawy",
"3": "-da"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, prawy + -da",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pràvьda. By surface analysis, prawy + -da. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "prawda f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "prawdziwie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "prawić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Greater Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"ref": "c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie^(scan transliteration, transcription), Miechów, page cr 22:",
"text": "Toch to y iesch prauda, ize yde tobe crol zbauicel",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
47
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 584:",
"text": "Slucha yego nye rvszacz, gdyz yego yavna prawda nye pomavyayą",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
89,
95
]
],
"ref": "1960 [1405], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 267, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Iaco to vem, czso visnal Iacob vozni medzi Sandziuogem a medzi Derszkem, to visnal pravø pravdø",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"truth (concordance with what is said, with reality, with facts, with the conviction of reality, the content of words consistent with reality, lack of lies or falsity)"
],
"id": "en-prawda-zlw-opl-noun-J0D771-0",
"links": [
[
"truth",
"truth"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) truth (concordance with what is said, with reality, with facts, with the conviction of reality, the content of words consistent with reality, lack of lies or falsity)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Silesia Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1449, Gałka Jędrzej z Dobczyna (Dobszyna), Pieśń o Wiklefie, Głogówek, line 65:",
"text": "Prawdą popi taiø, yzze szą gey ląkaiø",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
104,
110
]
],
"ref": "1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 47:",
"text": "[G]dysz przy sadzech wierny sądze nye maya myecz any baczycz gnyewow any lasky, any darow, gedno podlug prawdy y sprawiedlywosczy sądzycz, skazowacz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
75,
84
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 174:",
"text": "Proscha mązow vczonych, naydąly to to ysto byly (pro bycz) przeczyw drodze prawd[z]y, aby popravyly (ut haec sique repererint, quae viam veritatis excedant)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
75,
81
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 709:",
"text": "Lyepyey mozemy baczycz, yze trudno z dolyczanya svyatych doctorov vbaczycz pravdą porząndnosczy, tako (pro kako) yedno po drugyem stalo, nyz tako",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV med.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 247:",
"text": "Prawda, eze nyegdi czlowyek ma tloczicz, yaco moze, calisdą omową o schobye y o ginem",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reality (that which is real)"
],
"id": "en-prawda-zlw-opl-noun-ogQkU~kg",
"links": [
[
"reality",
"reality"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Silesia; Lesser Poland; attested in Silesia; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Silesia, Lesser Poland) reality (that which is real)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
37
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 243:",
"text": "Czlowyek boga wydzecz any gego prawdi rozumyecz nye moze, gen gest w grzesche",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knowledge, especially religious"
],
"id": "en-prawda-zlw-opl-noun-f68K51EL",
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 1 82 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 1 82 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 1 1 80 9 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 1 83 8 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish terms suffixed with -da",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 1 1 13 4 3 1 1 2 1 6 5 10 22 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 1 14 5 3 1 1 2 1 6 5 9 21 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 118, 30:",
"text": "Drogø prawoty albo prawdy (viam veritatis) wybral gesm",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"justice (acting in accordance with moral or legal principles)"
],
"id": "en-prawda-zlw-opl-noun-RDE9bnWa",
"links": [
[
"justice",
"justice"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) justice (acting in accordance with moral or legal principles)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
81,
87
]
],
"ref": "1898-2024 [1499], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 67:",
"text": "In camenata domus vna cista magna, in qua fuere septem tellaria stannea..., item prawda stannea",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stand (insulating disc on which hot bowls with food were placed)"
],
"id": "en-prawda-zlw-opl-noun-Je2i00q8",
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) stand (insulating disc on which hot bowls with food were placed)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
140
]
],
"ref": "Hec (sc. gens) ex Reni partibus veniens cum domo Polonica, que circulum, in quo scutella locari solet in mensa, habet pro insigni et prawdam, id est veritatem se apellabat, se coniunxit [Second half of the 15th century], Jan Długosz, edited by Marian Friedberg, Klejnoty Długoszowe, Krakow, published 1931, page 67:",
"text": "Hec (sc. gens) ex Reni partibus veniens cum domo Polonica, que circulum, in quo scutella locari solet in mensa, habet pro insigni et prawdam, id est veritatem se apellabat, se coniunxit",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an element in a coat of arms"
],
"id": "en-prawda-zlw-opl-noun-akTYiwM1",
"links": [
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) an element in a coat of arms"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/praːvda/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/prɒvda/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "prawda"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Logic",
"orig": "pl:Logic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:prawda",
"id": "truth",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nPolish prawda\nInherited from Old Polish prawda.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prawy",
"3": "-da"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, prawy + -da",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "food"
},
"expansion": "noun, sense 6",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ration"
},
"expansion": "French ration",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nPolish prawda\nInherited from Old Polish prawda. By surface analysis, prawy + -da. For sense noun, sense 6, compare French ration/raison.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "prawda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "práwda",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "prawda f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"praw‧da"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"praw‧da"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "praw",
"2": "d"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bujda"
},
{
"word": "fałsz"
},
{
"word": "kit"
},
{
"word": "lipa"
},
{
"word": "nieprawda"
}
],
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "Is it true that he cheated on you?",
"text": "Czy to prawda, że Ciebie zdradził?",
"translation": "Is it true that he cheated on you?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"truth (that which is concordant with reality)"
],
"id": "en-prawda-pl-noun-YqnTHAC3",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(loc)<about whom/what>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ locative) ‘about whom/what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘about",
"whom/what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"truth",
"truth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"truth (that which is concordant with reality) [with o (+ locative) ‘about whom/what’]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"truth (view that most people hold)"
],
"id": "en-prawda-pl-noun-9AyeRj-E",
"links": [
[
"truth",
"truth"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"correctness; justice, fairness"
],
"id": "en-prawda-pl-noun-8G0IezAL",
"links": [
[
"correctness",
"correctness"
],
[
"justice",
"justice"
],
[
"fairness",
"fairness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) correctness; justice, fairness"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with collocations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "to be right",
"tags": [
"collocation",
"obsolete"
],
"text": "mieć prawdę",
"translation": "to be right",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rightness"
],
"id": "en-prawda-pl-noun-e0K02DWv",
"links": [
[
"rightness",
"rightness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) rightness"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "racja"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"promise"
],
"id": "en-prawda-pl-noun-NRPZRSr3",
"links": [
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) promise"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obietnica"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"food; feed (that which is eaten, especially of animals)"
],
"id": "en-prawda-pl-noun-pl:food",
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"feed",
"feed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) food; feed (that which is eaten, especially of animals)"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:food"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈprav.da/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈprɒv.da/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-avda"
}
],
"word": "prawda"
}
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Logic",
"orig": "pl:Logic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawdomówny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawdopodobny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawdziwy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawicowy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "Bogiem a prawdą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "doprawdy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "naprawdę"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "prawdę powiedziawszy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "wprawdzie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "zaprawdę"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"interjection"
],
"word": "co prawda, to prawda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"interjection"
],
"word": "gówno prawda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "godzina prawdy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "naga prawda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "prawdomówca"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "prawdopodobieństwo"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "prawdziwek"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "prawica"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "prawicowiec"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "serum prawdy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "słowa prawdy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "święta prawda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"phrase"
],
"word": "prawda leży pośrodku"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "sprawdzić"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "sprawdzać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "minąć się z prawdą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "mijać się z prawdą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "spojrzeć prawdzie w oczy"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "stanąć w prawdzie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "stawać w prawdzie"
},
{
"_dis1": "37 34 29",
"sense": "proverb",
"word": "prawda w oczy kole"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:prawda",
"id": "truth",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nPolish prawda\nInherited from Old Polish prawda.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prawy",
"3": "-da"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, prawy + -da",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "food"
},
"expansion": "noun, sense 6",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ration"
},
"expansion": "French ration",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nPolish prawda\nInherited from Old Polish prawda. By surface analysis, prawy + -da. For sense noun, sense 6, compare French ration/raison.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "práwda",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "prawda",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"praw‧da"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"praw‧da"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nieprawda"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 1 1 13 4 3 1 1 2 1 6 5 10 22 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 2 9 7 14 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 2 9 7 14 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 4 4 4 17 11 23 18 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with manual fragments",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"english": "\"You went to the party?\" \"Right.\"",
"text": "„Poszedłeś na imprezę?\" „Prawda.\"",
"translation": "\"You went to the party?\" \"Right.\"",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to assert the speakers agreement; right"
],
"id": "en-prawda-pl-particle-J3vy4u-m",
"links": [
[
"right",
"right"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 1 1 13 4 3 1 1 2 1 6 5 10 22 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 1 14 5 3 1 1 2 1 6 5 9 21 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 2 9 7 14 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 2 9 7 14 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"english": "You like them, right?",
"text": "Podobają ci się, prawda?",
"translation": "You like them, right?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as a question tag asking for agreement; right?"
],
"id": "en-prawda-pl-particle-TeAoZEcI",
"links": [
[
"right",
"right"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nieprawda"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 1 1 13 4 3 1 1 2 1 6 5 10 22 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 1 16 8 2 1 1 1 1 4 8 8 18 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 1 19 5 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 8 21 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 1 1 14 5 3 1 1 2 1 6 5 9 21 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 2 9 7 14 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 3 2 9 7 14 28 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 1 7 1 12 6 14 22 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 1 9 2 16 6 17 17 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 2 7 8 14 26 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 2 7 8 14 26 37",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 2 2 3 10 9 16 24 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -da",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "9 35 56",
"sense": "particles",
"word": "co prawda"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 35 56",
"sense": "particles",
"word": "po prawdzie"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 35 56",
"sense": "particles",
"word": "prawdę mówiąc"
},
{
"_dis1": "9 35 56",
"sense": "particles",
"word": "w prawdę"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
27
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"english": "So I'm sitting there, right, and I suddenly I see...",
"text": "Więc tam siedziałem, prawda, i nagle widzę...",
"translation": "So I'm sitting there, right, and I suddenly I see...",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as a filler word; right"
],
"id": "en-prawda-pl-particle-A8q~C60d",
"links": [
[
"right",
"right"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈprav.da/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈprɒv.da/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-avda"
}
],
"word": "prawda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish feminine nouns",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -da",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"pl:Logic"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawdziwy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "ku prawdzie"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "uczenie a prawda"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "wyznanie prawdy"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "brać ku prawdzie"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "prawda"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"Lasovia"
],
"sense": "Jewish biretta",
"word": "práwda"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "prŏwda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "sla-pro:*pràvьda",
"id": "truth",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pràvьda.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": "prawy",
"3": "-da"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, prawy + -da",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "14th century"
},
"expansion": "First attested in the 14th century",
"name": "etydate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nInherited from Proto-Slavic *pràvьda. By surface analysis, prawy + -da. First attested in the 14th century.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "prawda f",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old Polish",
"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "prawdziwie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "prawić"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Greater Poland Old Polish",
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
16,
22
]
],
"ref": "c. 1301-1350, Kazania świętokrzyskie^(scan transliteration, transcription), Miechów, page cr 22:",
"text": "Toch to y iesch prauda, ize yde tobe crol zbauicel",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
41,
47
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 584:",
"text": "Slucha yego nye rvszacz, gdyz yego yavna prawda nye pomavyayą",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
89,
95
]
],
"ref": "1960 [1405], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 267, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Iaco to vem, czso visnal Iacob vozni medzi Sandziuogem a medzi Derszkem, to visnal pravø pravdø",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"truth (concordance with what is said, with reality, with facts, with the conviction of reality, the content of words consistent with reality, lack of lies or falsity)"
],
"links": [
[
"truth",
"truth"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland; attested in Lesser Poland; Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland, Greater Poland) truth (concordance with what is said, with reality, with facts, with the conviction of reality, the content of words consistent with reality, lack of lies or falsity)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Silesia Old Polish"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1449, Gałka Jędrzej z Dobczyna (Dobszyna), Pieśń o Wiklefie, Głogówek, line 65:",
"text": "Prawdą popi taiø, yzze szą gey ląkaiø",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
104,
110
]
],
"ref": "1895 [Fifteenth century], Franciszek Piekosiński, editor, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich. Kodeks Działyńskich I, Lesser Poland, page 47:",
"text": "[G]dysz przy sadzech wierny sądze nye maya myecz any baczycz gnyewow any lasky, any darow, gedno podlug prawdy y sprawiedlywosczy sądzycz, skazowacz",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
75,
84
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 174:",
"text": "Proscha mązow vczonych, naydąly to to ysto byly (pro bycz) przeczyw drodze prawd[z]y, aby popravyly (ut haec sique repererint, quae viam veritatis excedant)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
75,
81
]
],
"ref": "Middle of the 15th century, Rozmyślanie o żywocie Pana Jezusa, page 709:",
"text": "Lyepyey mozemy baczycz, yze trudno z dolyczanya svyatych doctorov vbaczycz pravdą porząndnosczy, tako (pro kako) yedno po drugyem stalo, nyz tako",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
0,
6
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [XV med.], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 247:",
"text": "Prawda, eze nyegdi czlowyek ma tloczicz, yaco moze, calisdą omową o schobye y o ginem",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"reality (that which is real)"
],
"links": [
[
"reality",
"reality"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Silesia; Lesser Poland; attested in Silesia; Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Silesia, Lesser Poland) reality (that which is real)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
31,
37
]
],
"ref": "1874-1891 [Middle of the 15th century], Rozprawy i Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Wydziału Filologicznego Akademii Umiejętności, volume XXII, page 243:",
"text": "Czlowyek boga wydzecz any gego prawdi rozumyecz nye moze, gen gest w grzesche",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knowledge, especially religious"
],
"links": [
[
"knowledge",
"knowledge"
],
[
"religious",
"religious"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
25
]
],
"english": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"ref": "1939 [end of the 14th century], Ryszard Ganszyniec, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Kubica, Ludwik Bernacki, editors, Psałterz florjański łacińsko-polsko-niemiecki [Sankt Florian Psalter]^(scan transliteration, transcription), Krakow: Zakład Narodowy imienia Ossolińskich, z zasiłkiem Sejmu Śląskiego [The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament], pages 118, 30:",
"text": "Drogø prawoty albo prawdy (viam veritatis) wybral gesm",
"translation": "The Ossoliński National Institute: with the benefit of the Silesian Parliament",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"justice (acting in accordance with moral or legal principles)"
],
"links": [
[
"justice",
"justice"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) justice (acting in accordance with moral or legal principles)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
81,
87
]
],
"ref": "1898-2024 [1499], Rocznik Krakowski, volume XVI, Krakow, page 67:",
"text": "In camenata domus vna cista magna, in qua fuere septem tellaria stannea..., item prawda stannea",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stand (insulating disc on which hot bowls with food were placed)"
],
"links": [
[
"stand",
"stand"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) stand (insulating disc on which hot bowls with food were placed)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Lesser Poland Old Polish",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Old Polish quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
133,
140
]
],
"ref": "Hec (sc. gens) ex Reni partibus veniens cum domo Polonica, que circulum, in quo scutella locari solet in mensa, habet pro insigni et prawdam, id est veritatem se apellabat, se coniunxit [Second half of the 15th century], Jan Długosz, edited by Marian Friedberg, Klejnoty Długoszowe, Krakow, published 1931, page 67:",
"text": "Hec (sc. gens) ex Reni partibus veniens cum domo Polonica, que circulum, in quo scutella locari solet in mensa, habet pro insigni et prawdam, id est veritatem se apellabat, se coniunxit",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"an element in a coat of arms"
],
"links": [
[
"coat of arms",
"coat of arms#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Lesser Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Lesser Poland) an element in a coat of arms"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/praːvda/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/prɒvda/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "prawda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms suffixed with -da",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/avda",
"Rhymes:Polish/avda/2 syllables",
"pl:Logic"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:prawda",
"id": "truth",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nPolish prawda\nInherited from Old Polish prawda.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prawy",
"3": "-da"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, prawy + -da",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "food"
},
"expansion": "noun, sense 6",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ration"
},
"expansion": "French ration",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nPolish prawda\nInherited from Old Polish prawda. By surface analysis, prawy + -da. For sense noun, sense 6, compare French ration/raison.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-f",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "prawda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawd",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdę",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdą",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdzie",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdo",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "prawdy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "práwda",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "prawda f",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"praw‧da"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"praw‧da"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "praw",
"2": "d"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-f"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "bujda"
},
{
"word": "fałsz"
},
{
"word": "kit"
},
{
"word": "lipa"
},
{
"word": "nieprawda"
}
],
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
13
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
10
]
],
"english": "Is it true that he cheated on you?",
"text": "Czy to prawda, że Ciebie zdradził?",
"translation": "Is it true that he cheated on you?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"truth (that which is concordant with reality)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":o(loc)<about whom/what>"
},
"expansion": "[with o (+ locative) ‘about whom/what’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"o",
"(+",
"locative)",
"‘about",
"whom/what’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"truth",
"truth"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"truth (that which is concordant with reality) [with o (+ locative) ‘about whom/what’]"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"truth (view that most people hold)"
],
"links": [
[
"truth",
"truth"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"correctness; justice, fairness"
],
"links": [
[
"correctness",
"correctness"
],
[
"justice",
"justice"
],
[
"fairness",
"fairness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) correctness; justice, fairness"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with collocations",
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
5,
11
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
6,
11
]
],
"english": "to be right",
"tags": [
"collocation",
"obsolete"
],
"text": "mieć prawdę",
"translation": "to be right",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rightness"
],
"links": [
[
"rightness",
"rightness"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) rightness"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "racja"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"promise"
],
"links": [
[
"promise",
"promise"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) promise"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "obietnica"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with obsolete senses"
],
"glosses": [
"food; feed (that which is eaten, especially of animals)"
],
"links": [
[
"food",
"food"
],
[
"feed",
"feed"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) food; feed (that which is eaten, especially of animals)"
],
"senseid": [
"pl:food"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"obsolete"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈprav.da/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈprɒv.da/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-avda"
}
],
"word": "prawda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish feminine nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish particles",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms suffixed with -da",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/avda",
"Rhymes:Polish/avda/2 syllables",
"pl:Logic"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawdomówny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawdopodobny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawdziwy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "prawicowy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "Bogiem a prawdą"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "doprawdy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "naprawdę"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "prawdę powiedziawszy"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "wprawdzie"
},
{
"tags": [
"adverb"
],
"word": "zaprawdę"
},
{
"tags": [
"interjection"
],
"word": "co prawda, to prawda"
},
{
"tags": [
"interjection"
],
"word": "gówno prawda"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "godzina prawdy"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "naga prawda"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "prawdomówca"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "prawdopodobieństwo"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "prawdziwek"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "prawica"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "prawicowiec"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "serum prawdy"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "słowa prawdy"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "święta prawda"
},
{
"sense": "particles",
"word": "co prawda"
},
{
"sense": "particles",
"word": "po prawdzie"
},
{
"sense": "particles",
"word": "prawdę mówiąc"
},
{
"sense": "particles",
"word": "w prawdę"
},
{
"tags": [
"phrase"
],
"word": "prawda leży pośrodku"
},
{
"sense": "proverb",
"word": "prawda w oczy kole"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "sprawdzić"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "sprawdzać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "minąć się z prawdą"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "mijać się z prawdą"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "spojrzeć prawdzie w oczy"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "stanąć w prawdzie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "stawać w prawdzie"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:prawda",
"id": "truth",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nPolish prawda\nInherited from Old Polish prawda.",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "prawy",
"3": "-da"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, prawy + -da",
"name": "surf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "food"
},
"expansion": "noun, sense 6",
"name": "senseno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "ration"
},
"expansion": "French ration",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-\nProto-Balto-Slavic *prṓˀwas\nProto-Slavic *pravъ\nProto-Indo-European *-bʰeh₂der.\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-bader.\nProto-Slavic *-ьda\nProto-Slavic *pràvьda\nOld Polish prawda\nPolish prawda\nInherited from Old Polish prawda. By surface analysis, prawy + -da. For sense noun, sense 6, compare French ration/raison.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "práwda",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "prawda",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"praw‧da"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"praw‧da"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "nieprawda"
}
],
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
25,
31
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
26,
31
]
],
"english": "\"You went to the party?\" \"Right.\"",
"text": "„Poszedłeś na imprezę?\" „Prawda.\"",
"translation": "\"You went to the party?\" \"Right.\"",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to assert the speakers agreement; right"
],
"links": [
[
"right",
"right"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
17,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
15,
20
]
],
"english": "You like them, right?",
"text": "Podobają ci się, prawda?",
"translation": "You like them, right?",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as a question tag asking for agreement; right?"
],
"links": [
[
"right",
"right"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "nieprawda"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
21,
27
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
22,
27
]
],
"english": "So I'm sitting there, right, and I suddenly I see...",
"text": "Więc tam siedziałem, prawda, i nagle widzę...",
"translation": "So I'm sitting there, right, and I suddenly I see...",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used as a filler word; right"
],
"links": [
[
"right",
"right"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈprav.da/"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈprɒv.da/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-avda"
}
],
"word": "prawda"
}
Download raw JSONL data for prawda meaning in All languages combined (20.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.